＝

Variant Reading

Example:

(a) Where 得 is read as 相 in both the Yuan and Ming editions, written as 得＝相【元】【明】.

(b) Where the eight-character string 一切眾生依得生長＝諸眾生等依得生 is read as the seven-character string 諸眾生等依得生, written as （（一切…長））八字＝（（諸眾生等依得生））七字.

－

Omission (deest)

Example:

Where 心 is omitted in both the Sung and Yuan editions, written as 〔心〕－【宋】【元】.

Addition

Example:

(a) Where the seven characters 時於彼遇值世尊 follow 我 in all three collated editions, written as 我＋（時於彼遇值世尊）【三】.

(b) Where the seven characters 我時於彼遇值世 precede 尊 in all three collated editions, written as （我時於彼遇值世）＋尊【三】.

Ditto (So below, So above, et passim)

Example:

Text: 世尊正[1]遊知

Note: Where 遊 read as 遍 in all three editions, same as below; written as [1]遊＝遍【三】＊.

Abridgment / Ellipsis (Characters or sentences left out, down to)

Example:

(a) Where the eight characters 彼依此處觀覺興衰 are abridged, written as （彼依…興衰）.

(b) Where eight characters spanning from 彼依 to 興衰 are omitted, written as（彼依…興衰）.

(c) Where the eight characters from 彼依 to 興衰 are left out in all three collated editions, written as 〔彼依…興衰〕八字－【三】.